The Challenge of Moral Decadence Perspectives on the Study of Al-Arba‘in An-Nawawiyah Hadith

The phenomenon of moral decadence is a topic that never dims. Like an endless sea, problem after problems related to the moral decline of the nation's children continues to roll over time. Religious education has an important role in overcoming moral problems that never end. Hadith as the basis of the second Islamic law certainly has a very basic position in Islamic education. Among the thousands of hadiths in the Islamic books, there are 40 hadith selected by Imam Nawawi, then collected in a book called al-arbain al-nawawiyah. The book al-arbain al-nawawiyah received an extraordinary reception from all corners of the world, even the book became a mandatory lesson in Indonesian Islamic Boarding Schools in general. The development of the times brought its challenges in moral matters, especially for the millennial generation. Presumably, the actualization and contextualization of moral values in the book needs to be done. So that found moral values that are relevant to the times. In the end, moral values can easily be understood and practiced. And after researching the study of literature from various related references, the authors find that there are moral values that are relevant for overcoming the problem of decadence that is increasingly afflicting. So it is proper for moral studies to be found in the book of al-arbain al-nawawiyah to be studied not only in pesantren but also in other formal and informal institutions. Fenomena dekadensi moral adalah topik yang tak pernah redup. Bagaikan laut yang tak bertepi masalah demi masalah terkait kemerosotan moral anak bangsa terus bergulir seiring berjalannya waktu. Pendidikan agama mempunyai peran yang penting dalam mengatasi permasalahan moral yang tak kunjung usai. Hadits sebagai dasar hukum islam yang kedua sudah barang tentu mempunyai posisi yang sangat mendasar dalam pendidikan islam. Diantara ribuan hadits dalam kitab-kitab islam, terdapat 40 hadits yang dipilih oleh imam Nawawi,kemudian dikumpulkan dalam satu kitab yang disebut dengan kitab al-arbain al-nawawiyah. Kitab al-arbain alnawawiyah mendapat sambutan yang luarbiasa dari seluruh penjuru dunia, bahkan kitab tersebut menjadi pelajaran wajib dipesantren-pesantren indonesia pada umumnya. Perkembangan zaman membawa tantangan tersendiri dalam masalah moral, terutama untuk generasi milenial. Kiranya reaktualisasi dan kontektualisasi nilai moral dalam kitab tersebut perlu dilakukan. Sehingga ditemukan nilai nilai moral yang relevan dengan perkembangan zaman. Yang pada akhirnya nilai-nilai moral itu dengan 45 Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education (AJIE) e-ISSN: 2599-3046 (online) | Volume 4, Issue 1 | January June 2020 p-ISSN: 2657-1781 (print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v4i1.93 mudah dapat dipahami dan diamalkan. Dan setelah dilakukan penelitian melalui study pustaka dari berbagai rujukan yang terkait, penulis menemukan bahwa terdapat nilai nilai moral yang relevan untuk menanggulangi masalah dekadensi yang kian melanda. Maka sudah selayaknya kajian kajian moral yang terdapat dalam kitab al-arbain alnawawiyah untuk dipelajari tidak hanya dipesantren tetapi juga di lembaga formal dan informal lainnya.


I. INTRODUCTION
Talking about moral decadence is a discussion that never goes out of style. Like an endless sea, even a problem after problem new problems keeps coming in as time goes by. Recently viral news about a case of bullying carried out by several young men against a 12-year-old child seller of fried food (Wahyu Ardianti Woro Seto, 2020). Though news recently spread about the murder of a toddler committed by a 15-yearold child, and it was by Deputy Chairman of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) Advisory Council Didin Hafidhudin was seen as a warning of the lack of religious education ("Remaja Bunuh Balita, Didin: Warning Pendidikan Agama," 2020). and after the case was revealed, it turned out that there were other cases of crime that had befallen the perpetrators, the perpetrators turned out to be victims of sexual abuse committed by three of his closest people (Velarosdela, 2020). previously there was also news of a case of torturing a cat to death, (Rosidin, 2019) whereas in a hadith the prophet is told that there was a woman who went to hell because she killed a cat (Hanbal, 2001).
A study with the theme of the Relationship Between Religiosity and Morality of Youth concluded that the existence of religiosity dramatically affects one's morality, a less religious person is more likely to act immorally (Remaja, Madrasah, Ma, & Reza, 2013). Of course, this conclusion does not only apply to adolescents but applies in general to both young and old, as the opinion of majority scholars that "Ibrah applies in general, not specifically to the perpetrators or related causes" (Al-Maqdisi, 2002).
Besides, research conducted by Idrus Ruslan, about development carried out in Indonesia in the form of physical or non-physical (mental). Concludes, that the religious spirit embedded in Pancasila is following the spirit that exists in the teachings of Islam both in the Koran and Hadith (Ruslan, 2013).
Talking about Islamic law, it is certainly inseparable from the discussion of the hadith. Because the hadith is the second basis of Islamic law after al Qu'ran (Al-Maliki, n.d.). While the definition of hadith is all matters relating to the Prophet, or companions, or tabiin, whether in the form of words, deeds, approval, or nature (Al-Maliki, n.d.). And among the books of hadith, the most recognized its validity is the book of Sahih Bukhari (Al-Maliki, n.d.). But even so does not deny the books of the other hadith, even according to the agreement of scholars of hadith experts, that the Da'eef hadith can still be used as the basis of the virtues of a charity with 3 conditions; not excessively dha'if, regardless of the path of history of people suspected of lying, is still based on a global proposition (Al-Iid, 2003).
So great was the attention of scholars about the science of hadith, that we witness that in addition to the large books containing thousands of hadith, there are also books that contain only 40 hadiths. Imam Nawawi is a scholar of the many scholars who wrote the book containing 40 hadiths, in the future referred to like the book "al-Arbain al-Nawawiyah". Limiting the number of hadiths to 40 is certainly not without cause, but there is an encouragement to disseminate the hadith and to be easily learned and easily memorized (Al-Dhimyati, 1998). Even though there is also a hadith that contains the virtues and suggestions for memorizing 40 prophetic hadiths, but the hadith is stated as a hadith dha'if (Al-Haitami, 2008). On the other hand, to instill the value of moral content in the hadith more broadly and deeply, the actualization and contextualization of the hadith are very important along with the times (Suryadilaga, 2017).
Although many researchers discuss the book of al-arbain al-nawawiyah, it is still rare to review the conflict with morals, plus many writings that are too long and deep, it requires a brief, concise and straightforward review. Following the above reasons, the author is encouraged to research moral values in the book al-Arbain al-Nawawiyah, and their relevance in answering the discussion of moral decadence that continues to roll in this beloved country, as well as being strengthened and added to the expected literature (Ikhwan, 2017).

II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Moral in terms of its native language, the word mores, means "the rules of decency" if translated into English comes to the moral word meaning standards of behavior or principles of right and wrong (Hornby & Cowie, 1995). In Greek, the word ethos has almost the same meaning, and henceforth is known as ethics (Puspoprodjo, 1999). Whereas in Arabic the word akhlâq has the purpose of character or customs (Sidiq, 2019). In Indonesian, several word terms have a meaning related to morals, such as morality, character, personality. If the word is referred to as a person's attribute, then what is meant is related to moral issues. But the word that is often used to represent morality is ethics (Sahmiar, 2011).
In real life, decency is often translated as instructions for behaving politely, and not obscene. So, morality is a rule of decency which includes all norms for good conduct and behavior (Gunawan Setiardja, 1990). Especially for adolescents, which is a period of a human life journey that has experienced the most change. that's why in adolescence there may be a lot of shock and uncertainty in themselves (Hanif & Mutakin, 2019). On the other hand, excessive physical development and energy during adolescence are one of the reasons their behavior seems to be less polite, rude, and awkward (Kartono, 1995).
According to Al-Ghazali. Moral values in Islam can not be separated from the four main principles, namely (Al-Ghazali, 1986): 1. Wisdom, knowledge competence to establish the best choices in thinking, acting, and acting. According to Allen and Ryan, in dialogue an educator must apply several tricks or tricks, namely: a) Probing questions; meaning tracking questions, i.e. using follow-up questions to deepen or to further explore the answers needed from students, b) Higherorder questions; or follow-up questions, i.e. follow-up questions that are asked to students to improve learning abilities more analytically and comprehensively, c) Divergent questions; namely different questions, skills to raise different forms of questions on an issue that wants to be asked (Sukirman, 2012

III. METHOD
This research is library research (library research), which is research that seeks to obtain data using library sources (Ikhwan, 2013). The data that is the center of this study are collected through variable data that relies on the writings, thoughts, and opinions of figures and experts who talk about the main research theme (Sugiono, 2017). While the subject is the hadith contained in the book of al-Arbain al-Nawawiyah . The hadiths which are the subject of research are those related to morals in the book of al-Arbain al-Nawawiyah. The process of collecting data is done by identifying the hadith related to morals, then analyzed with a qualitative data analysis model.

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The Book of Al-Arbain Nawawiyah and Imam Nawawi

Biography of Imam Nawawi
His full name is Yahya Ibn Syaraf Ibn Muri bin Hasan Ibn Husain Ibn Muhammad Ibn Jum'ah Ibn Hizam. (Al-Haitami, 2008)He was nicknamed Abu Zakaria because he was named Yahya. As is the custom of the Arabs to call a person named Yahya with the nickname ashes of Zechariah, because the Prophet Yahya is the son of the prophet Zachariah, in the hope that they can imitate both. While Al-Hizami is lean back to his grandfather named hizam (Farid, 2007).
An-Nawawi's nickname is because he is from the village of Nawa. He was also nicknamed Muhyiddin because he enlivened the Shafi'i madhzab with his written works. He was born in the month of Muharram in 630 or 631 AH in the village of Nawa, a village in the Damascus Region (Al-Dhimyati, 1998). Imam Nawawi is known as a scholar of zuhud, and wara ', he fasts a lot in his daily life (Ikhwan, 2019).
He is a figure of a highly productive cleric, this is evidenced by the many of his works as follows (Farid, 2007):

Al-Arbain Al-Nawawiyah Book
Al-arbain in language means 40, while al-nawawiyah is a response to Imam Nawawi, which means al-arbain al-nawawiyah book is a book containing 40 hadith compiled by Imam Nawawi. Even though the total number of hadiths in the book is 42 traditions. But that becomes commonplace because there is a rule "the number cannot be ascertained with a certain amount" as the opinion of Abu shama al-Maqdisi (Al-Thawil, 1985).
Many scholars are so interested in the book of al-Arbain al-Nawawiyah, that there appears various sharia which explains the contents of the book (Al-Dhimyati, 1998). There were even more than 40 scholars written in the form of syarh and hasyiyah al-Arbain al-Nawawiyah (Al-Haitami, 2008). This book is one of the basic curricula on Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia in general. (Stiawan & Tohirin, 2015) One of the highlights of the book al-Arbain al-Nawawiyah is that it turns out that there is also a value in the value of Islamic education, namely: the value of worship, the amount of Ihsan and the value of da'wah (Tantowi, 2018). Another unique thing in the book of al-Arbain al-Nawawiyah also there is the formation and meaning of command words that have intrinsic and majazi meaning, thus increasing the treasury of Arabic literature when studying it (Anwar, 2016).
Al-Arbain al-Nawawiyah Book is a book that is very phenomenal and popular in the Islamic community, especially for the Indonesian Islamic society. Even the book has been translated into various languages, including Indonesian. For the people of Indonesia, it is also very easy to get the book, because both the book and its translation are printed not just one printing press. Then the possibility of people who do not understand the book al-Arbain al-Nawawiyah is due to a lack of motivation and motivation to read and study it (Matlekat, 2019 Third, a strong mentality, so that he will be patient when he gets a disaster, and be brave in living a hard life. Such can be observed from the following words of Allah SWT: "Indeed, we give back to those who do good". (Surah As-Saffat: 80) Hadith sequence number 24 in the book al-Arbain al-Nawawiyah about the prohibition of wrongdoing is also a strong foundation related to the issue of moral urgency in Islam. As the following text: "O my servant, in truth, I have forbidden tyranny over myself and I have made it forbidden to you. Therefore, do not do wrong to one another "(Muslim HR) All things that are contrary to the norm that should be is tyranny (Al-Thabari, 2001). So the practice of behavior that deviates from the way that should be strictly prohibited in Islam. In other words, all human actions and behavior must be following applicable morals and norms. As Ahmad Syauqi's statement is very popular "truly the nation will remain victorious as long as they still have morals, if their morals are gone, then the nation will disappear" (Al-Mahdi, 2009).
The urgency of this character is also the main mission of the Prophet Muhammad as he said: " I was sent (Allah) to perfect good character" (HR Ahmad) (Hanbal, 2001) To fully understand the content of moral values contained in the book of Al-Arbain Al-Nawawiyah, the authors conclude the following points: Table 1.
Being a human being who is religious, has theological sensitivity, and has a high social life. Besides having the spirit of learning to seek and accept the truth.
Looking for good in a good way and Trying with the right effort.

11
Faith conquers doubt Leaving vain things

Loving others 14
Things that deprive Muslims of honor Obey Allah, cover the bad with goodness, and behave politely Behave politely, and always correct mistakes.

19
Belief in the power of God in all things ‫فقال‬ ‫يوما‬ ‫هللا ىلص‬ ‫النيب‬ ‫خلف‬ ‫كنت‬ " : Feeling under God's control, not giving up on the situation 20 Shyness is a sign of faith Feeling ashamed to do wrong and deny the norm 21 Attitude istiqomah one of the main points of Act istiqomah, and not easily swayed Carrying out orders and avoiding prohibitions is the key to entering heaven Obey the rules and don't break the ban 23 Kind The virtue of dhikr, and competing in goodness Grateful for everything that is owned, gives a lot of kindness, and there is no reason to do good.

27
Definition of virtue and sin Always consider things before acting, believing what is wrong is still wrong even if it is supported by many people 28 Obedience to the leader, and uphold the prophet's sunnah Become an obedient citizen, and hold principles firmly The road to safety Trying to stay away from mistakes, find ways of goodness, and keep verbal 30 Comply with the limits of Shari'a, and do not ask unnecessary things Obey the rules, and don't ask many questions that aren't needed 31 The virtue of zuhud in world affairs

V. CONCLUSION
Religiosity is very influential on a person's good effects, so among the efforts to overcome moral decadence is a religious approach. One such religious approach is the approach with the hadith of the prophet Muhammad, especially the hadith contained in the book al-arbain al-nawawiyah. al-arbain al-nawawiyah book is a monumental work of a world-renowned scholar, Imam Nawawi. In addition to being known as a zuhud scholar and fasting expert, he is also a prolific scholar with his writings. So do not be surprised if the book al-arbain al-nawawiyah into a famous book in the world, even many attention and re-translated by dozens of scholars after his death.
Kharisma Kitab al-arbain al-nawawiyah also sticks out in Indonesia, it is known that the book becomes a basic curriculum that must be studied in Indonesian Islamic boarding school in general. efforts to study continue today in the millennial era. So efforts to spread the understanding of the book are increasingly massive, including through Android applications and Windows software. Of course, in modern times such as the current understanding and meaning of the hadith needs to be actualized so that it can give a more striking picture, especially for millennials.
Among the efforts to reactivate the hadith is to study al-arbain al-nawawiyah in terms of psychology, especially morals. Researchers found moral values which were then poured into short, concise, and straightforward language. If these values are taught and applied in formal or informal institutions, or even at the level of society in general, it certainly can be part of an effective solution to answer various problems of moral decadence that are increasingly endemic.