Development of Children's Moral Intelligence According to al-Ghozali
Abstract
This research aims to explain the moral development of children according to al-Ghozali. Al-Ghozali as a Muslim philosopher has his views. This research is vital because child delinquency that is currently occurring, such as committing abuse and murder, can be categorized as a criminal act. One of the causes of delinquency is the weak distinction between goodness (al-khair) and evil (al-syar) as a fundamental moral principle. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of library research. The data consists of the writings of al-Ghozali as the figure studied, books that study al-Ghozali's moral thinking, and scientific journals that discuss moral intelligence. The collected data was then analyzed using the content analysis method. The research results explain that motivation for intelligent morals is based on the spirit of religion, namely happiness in this world and the hereafter, and the measure of good and evil is not only the mind and heart but also the Shari'a. All children have the potential to be morally intelligent with the determining factors being education and family, not genetics. There are four virtues (fadhilah) which are the main aspects in developing children's intelligence through the concept of a "middle way" between excessive badness (al-ifrath) and negligence (tafrith), namely: al-hikmah (hikmah), as-syaja'ah (courage), al-iffah (self-preservation), and al-adl (justice). This research is limited to the moral aspects of child development. This research strengthens the concept of moral intelligence in children, which al-Ghazali has discussed, and provides differences in the idea put forward by al-Ghozali and Western thinkers.
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References
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[3] Al-Ghazali. (1988b). Ma’arij al-qudsi fi madarij ma’arifat al-Nafs. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiah.
[4] Al-Ghazali, A. Ha. M. bin M. (2009). Ihya ’Ulumuddin jilid 3. Beirut: Dar al Fikr.
[5] al-Razzaq Al-Jiburi, A. (2018). al-Fikr al-Ijtimai Inda al-Imam al-Ghazali. Jordan: Dar al-Ghaida’ Li an-Nasyr wa at-Tauziq.
[6] Anthis, J. R., & Paez, E. (2021). Moral circle expansion: A promising strategy to impact the far future. Futures, 130, 102756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2021.102756
[7] Ashri, M. (2023). Kewajiban Umum Negara terkait Pencegahan dan Penghukuman Kejahatan terhadap Kemanusiaan: Telaah atas Draf Artikel ILC. Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law, 4(2), 200–233. https://doi.org/10.22437/up.v4i2.21504
[8] Borba, M., Jusuf, L., & Raviyanto. (2008). Building moral intelligence?: the seven essential vitues that teach kids to do the right thing. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
[9] Dunya, S. (1994). Al Haqiqah fi nazhari al Ghozali. Cairo: Daru Al Ma’arif.
[10] Fatimah, S., Hani, S., & Vionita, B. (2023). Pendidikan Islam Ferspektif Imam Al Ghozali. Jurnal Pendidikan Sultan Agung, 3(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.30659/jp-sa.v3i1.29353
[11] Fauziatun, N., & Misbah, M. (2020). Relevansi Kecerdasan Emosional (EQ) dan Kecerdasan Spiritual (SQ) dengan Pendidikan Karakter. Jurnal Kependidikan, 8(2), 142–165. https://doi.org/10.24090/jk.v8i2.5260
[12] Gardner, H. (2003). Multiple Intelligence after Twenty Years. USA: American Educational Reseacrh Association.
[13] Ghozali, M., & Zamroni, Z. (2022). Al-Ghazali dan Pendidikan Akhlak. Sustainable Jurnal Kajian Mutu Pendidikan, 5(2), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.32923/kjmp.v5i2.2255
[14] Hafiz, A., Romdaniah, L., Nizar, R., Mauliza, S., Nata, A., & Mu’ti, A. (2023). Teori Pendidikan Ibn Sina dan Jean Piaget: Perbandingan antara Perkembangan Kognitif dan Pertumbuhan Usia Peserta Didik. Rayah Al-Islam, 7(3), 1268–1285. https://doi.org/10.37274/rais.v7i3.819
[15] Hamidah. (2015). Al-Ukhuwah al-Ijtima’iyah wa al-Insaniyah: Kajian terhadap Pluralisme Agama dan Kerjasama Kemanusiaan. Intizar 21, 21(2), 321–341. https://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/intizar/article/view/316
[16] Hamimah, H., Hilmi, L., Akmal, A., Kenedi, A., & Arwin, A. (2022). Pelatihan Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru Sekolah Dasar dalam Mengembangkan Buku Cerita Elektronik Berbasis Etno-Sosial. Majalah Ilmiah UPI YPTK, 29(2), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.35134/jmi.v29i2.119
[17] Hashemnezhad, H. (2015). Qualitative Content Analysis Research: A Review Article. Journal of ELT and Applied Linguistics (JELTAL), 3(1), 54–62. https://silo.tips/download/qualitative-content-analysis-research-a-review-article
[18] Huda, M., Khoirurrijal, K., Dacholfany, M. I., Susminingsih, Hashim, A., Marni, N., Mohamed, A. K., Puad, M. A. A., Rozali, M. H., Maseleno, A., Muhamad, N. H. N., & Ikhwan, A. (2020). Empowering learning ethics culture in Islamic education. Global Perspectives on Teaching and Learning Paths in Islamic Education, 244–267. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8528-2.ch013
[19] Ikhwan, A. (2021). Metode Penelitian Dasar (Mengenal Model Penelitian dan Sistematikanya). Tulungagung: STAI Muhammadiyah Tulungagung.
[20] Ikhwan, A., Mu’awanah, E., & Rohmad, A. (2020). Development of Curriculum Keaswajaan (Nahdlatul ‘Ulama) in Character Formation: Moral Study on Islamic Education. Global Perspectives on Teaching and Learning Paths in Islamic Education, 92–117. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8528-2.ch006
[21] Irwan, Haris, A., Khozin, Hendra, & Anwar, S. (2023). Unveiling Maja Labo Dahu: a Local Wisdom in Implementing Character Values. Tadris: Jurnal Keguruan Dan Ilmu Tarbiyah, 8(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.24042/tadris.v8i2.18144
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[24] Karim, P., & Rambe, A. (2022). Scenario Development of Wasathiyah-Based Akhlak Tasawuf Learning at The State Islamic University Of North Sumatra. FIKROTUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Manajemen Islam, 16(2), 78–100. https://doi.org/10.32806/jf.v16i02.6246
[25] Kuswandi, I. (2019, August 1). Akhlaq Education Conception of ibn Miskawaih and al-Ghazali and ItsRelevancy to The Philosophy of Muhammadiyah Pesantren. Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic Education: Challenges in Technology and LiteracyFaculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.
[26] Lennick, D., & Kiel, F. (2005). Moral Intelligence: Enhancing Business Performance and Leadership Success. New Jersey: Wharton School Publishing.
[27] Mozin, N., Yunus, R., & Ngiu, Z. (2021). Penyuluhan Pendidikan Hukum Tentang Pencegahan Perilaku Kenakalan Remaja. Jurnal Abdidas, 2(1), 1049–1053. https://doi.org/10.31004/abdidas.v2i5.413
[28] Muzammil, A., & Rismawati, R. (2022). Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Tasawuf Dalam Pembinaan Akhlak Santri Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Fattah Pule Tanjunganom Nganjuk. Spiritualita, 6(2), 109–131. https://doi.org/10.30762/spiritualita.v6i2.804
[29] Pauketat, J. V. T., & Anthis, J. R. (2022). Predicting the moral consideration of artificial intelligences. Computers in Human Behavior, 136, 107372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107372
[30] Pranoto, Y. K. S. (2020). Kecerdasan Moral Anak Usia Prasekolah. Edukasi, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/edukasi.v14i1.962
[31] Qajjah, M. (2023). A’lam at-Tarikh Min At-Tarikh al-Arabi, Abhas wa Maqalat. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
[32] Rahmadhany, G., & Syaliman, K. (2021). Aplikasi uji kepribadian berdasarkan multiple intelligences Berbasis web menggunakan metode prototyping. Jurnal Komputer Terapan, 7(2), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.35143/jkt.v7i2.4954
[33] Ridwan, Y., & Ikhwan, A. (2021). Education of Religious Characters in Indonesia. 2nd Annual Conference on Blended Learning, Educational Technology and Innovation (ACBLETI 2020), 435–440. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210615.083
[34] Rohmawati, O., & Suryani, L. (2023). Membangun Karakter Anak Usia Dini Berbasis Sistem Pendidikan Jepang. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(12), 9774–9786. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v6i12.2924
[35] Romdaniah, L. (2023). Konsep Akhlak Dalam Kitab Ayyuhal Walad dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini. Rayah Al-Islam, 7(3), 1335–1356. https://doi.org/10.37274/rais.v7i3.831
[36] Safrilsyah, Yusoff, M. Z. M., & Othman, M. K. (2017). Moral dan Akhlaq Dalam Psikologi Moral Islami. Psikoislamedia?: Jurnal Psikologi, 2(2), 155–169. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/psikoislamedia.v2i2.2414
[37] Setyosari, P. (2016). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Dan Pengembangan. Jakarta: Kencana.
[38] Shahtalebi, S., Yarmohammadian, M. H., & Ajami, S. (2011). Women’s success factors from leadership in higher education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3644–3647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.349
[39] Tanner, C., Schmocker, D., Katsarov, J., & Christen, M. (2022). Educating moral sensitivity in business: An experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of a serious moral game. Computers & Education, 178, 104381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104381
[40] Yahya, M., Jannah, F., & Basid, A. (2023). Terciptanya Generasi Emas dengan Pendekatan Realis Naturalisme (Kajian Filsafat Pendidikan). JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(3), 1831–1837. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v6i3.1601
[41] Yuwono, H. (2023). Siswa SMP Bunuh Bendahara Kelas Gara-gara Kesal Ditagih Iuran Kas, Mayat Dibuang ke Parit Artikel ini telah tayang di TribunSolo.com dengan judul Siswa SMP Bunuh Bendahara Kelas Gara-gara Kesal Ditagih Iuran Kas, Mayat Dibuang ke Parit, https://solo.tribu. TribunSolo.Com. https://solo.tribunnews.com/2023/06/14/siswa-smp-bunuh-bendahara-kelas-gara-gara-kesal-ditagih-iuran-kas-mayat-dibuang-ke-parit
[42] Zain, A., & Manik, Y. (2023). Literatur Pendidikan Akhlak dalam Prespektif Kitab Ayyuhal Walad Karya Imam Al-Ghazali. Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 3(1), 191–195. https://doi.org/10.47709/educendikia.v3i01.2408
Published
2024-05-19
How to Cite
IZZA, Yogi Prana et al.
Development of Children's Moral Intelligence According to al-Ghozali.
Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 2, p. 572-584, may 2024.
ISSN 2599-3046.
Available at: <https://alhayat.or.id/index.php/alhayat/article/view/555>. Date accessed: 18 jan. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v8i2.555.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
